What Excel's own stock data gives you
Excel has two built-in ways to bring in stock data. The Stocks data type turns a ticker or company name in a cell into a linked record, and fields such as price and change can be pulled from it into the next columns. Microsoft's help page says it is available to Microsoft 365 accounts and to anyone with a free Microsoft account, and that stock information is delayed and provided as is, for information only.
The STOCKHISTORY function returns a table of past prices: date, close, open, high, low and volume. It needs a Microsoft 365 Personal, Family, Business Standard or Business Premium subscription, and Microsoft says it generally updates only after a trading day completes. Neither page lists an income statement, balance sheet or cash flow field.
How to download financial statements to Excel
Open any US company on SN Data and press Export. Tick the statements you want, pick lines as reported or in standard lines, pick years, quarters or both, and add any figures and ratios. Download Excel makes one workbook, with one tab for each statement and a Sources tab listing the filings behind the figures.
To compare companies, add peers or any company in the same panel and they come side by side in one file: up to 10 a file on a free account and 50 on a plan. The same panel can send the file straight into your own Google Sheets instead.
Refreshing a workbook from the API
For a workbook that refreshes itself, Power Query in Excel can read the SN Data API with a free key. One address returns a company's statements as JSON, such as /api/v1/companies/MSFT/financials?basis=standard, and a free key answers 250 calls a day on the last 5 fiscal years.
So Excel's own stock data covers prices, and SN Data fills the workbook with what each company reported to the SEC, line by line, with the filing named for every period.